The extruder is composed as follows
With the rapid development of the feed industry, research on feed processing technology is becoming increasingly deeper, and extrusion technology is gaining more attention in feed production. The superiority of extruded feed is gradually being recognized. With the rapid development of the feed industry in recent years, for development and production work, extruders have seen rapid progress. There are dry and wet dual-purpose extruder series. Under conditions without steam, dry extruders are used, with frequency-controlled feeding, simple operation, and reliable operation.
2 Through structure 2.1 Feeder. Using frequency control, the continuously variable transmission can control the feeding to the extruder by changing frequency parameters to achieve the appropriate output volume. The auger blade structure, under the action of feeding, enters the refining container from the silo.
2.2 Conditioning. It includes a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, and a quenching and tempering blade axis (blade angle adjustable), with an insulated stainless steel shell (which can be single-sided or double-sided according to user requirements). Insulation is achieved through a step-by-step steam drum, with pipes connected to the interior of the shell, and a water nozzle. To meet the needs of different materials for quenching and tempering through a combined axial and radial intake method, steam (working steam pressure 0.4–0.6 MPa) is used. When the material enters the clarification chamber, it passes through a water injection device, combined with high-temperature steam injection fumigation, and a rotating blade to mix and stir the material evenly. After quenching, sufficient material is obtained before entering the main extruder. The quenching feed temperature should be 65–85°C, and the material moisture content should be controlled within the range of 17% to 18%.
2.3 Liquid. Mainly used for adding steam, water, and molasses. Added directly to the refining furnace.
2.4 Component expansion chamber. At the core of the entire extruder section, the extruded material passes through the chamber (compression chamber), configured as part of the feed box to expand the cavity, puffing, screw feeding, air lock, wear ring, puffing extrusion screw, blanking die completion, and other components. They are made of heat-resistant materials. The air lock configuration gradually progresses from the inside out, the distribution screw and the extrusion feed screw increase the extrusion screw, and the feed screw pitch is large. There is a temperature display for the expansion chamber on the device. The material expands into the cylindrical cavity of the screw, and the air lock and expansion chamber occur within the screw, where shear and friction heating provide a pre-kneading effect, causing the material to extrude and generate high temperature and pressure in the processing chamber, fully aging the material. When the aged material is discharged through the die, the instantaneous pressure is suddenly released, and the material is extruded.
2.5 Structure of the expansion chamber screw. Different extrusion materials, pressures, temperatures, and screw configurations have different requirements, and the expansion chamber screw should be adjusted accordingly.
2.5.1 Use of vapor lock. The main heating element has a smaller outer diameter than the vapor lock temperature gradient, resulting in faster heating. It is greatly affected by particle size and moisture content. In addition to being influenced by particle size, moisture, etc., it is also affected by formulation components. For composite materials made from different individual materials, each stage of the vapor lock has a larger temperature difference. According to the material and expansion requirements, up to four vapor locks can be arranged, increasing step by step in the direction of material advancement, and they can also be configured with equal diameters.
2.5.2 Using a single screw. By utilizing the second type with sub-functions. The screw-type conveying and feeding operation has a certain pressing effect. When assembling, the required parts of the screw should be smooth and shiny. The pitch is basically the same to ensure smooth material conveyance. Extrusion screw: Composed of a single screw and a steam plug, the material rapidly increases the interaction temperature, playing a role in boosting and heating. This structure is suitable for formulations with high starch content or single materials.
2.5.3 Use twin screws. Twin screw steam plugs with the composition are commonly referred to as pressure screws. Compared to a single screw, at the same pitch and same diameter, the pressure will more than double. For oily substances. 2.5.4 Mixing single and twin screws. When heating some materials with certain physical properties, a certain amount of pressure needs to be increased, but the pressure cannot be too high. By adjusting the ratio of single and twin screws, along with different material methods, various expansions can be achieved. Some materials with high protein content can be arranged.
2.6 Bearing chamber configuration. The design includes bearing shaft fixation, adjustment, lubrication, and sealing issues. The connection between the base and the outer ring of the bearing is a fixed connection between the inner ring and the locking base bearing; the load direction of the bearing components is selected and connected to the effective load size; lubricant is filled in the bearing chamber with low rolling oil No. 40 to the center of the bearing. New machine works for 56 hours, replace with new oil, and replace with new oil every 3 months after that; the expansion chamber end bearing seal ring 2, for bearing installation back-to-back mainly prevents oil leakage, the other mainly prevents dust, comprehensive and effective sealing. The contact circumferential speed is less than 12 m/s, the working temperature is below 100, easy to use and reliable sealing. The end pulley bearing seal uses a seal, mainly to prevent oil leakage.
